RESUMO
Desde el modelo de los determinantes sociales de la salud y el enfoque de equidad, la Dirección General de Salud Pública de Madrid ha desarrollado la metodología de los mapas de la vulnerabilidad en salud para facilitar a los equipos sociosanitarios la planificación, la priorización y la intervención en salud en un territorio. A partir de la selección de las zonas básicas de salud con peores indicadores de vulnerabilidad en salud, se inicia un proceso de relación con los actores clave del territorio a fin de identificar conjuntamente áreas prioritarias de intervención y desarrollar un plan de acción consensuado. Se presentan el desarrollo de esta experiencia y su conexión con los modelos teóricos del mapeo en activos, los sistemas de georreferenciación integrados en salud y las intervenciones de salud comunitaria (AU)
The Public Health General Directorate of Madrid has developed a health vulnerability mapping methodology to assist regional social health teams in health planning, prioritisation and intervention based on a model of social determinants of health and an equity approach. This process began with the selection of areas with the worst social indicators in health vulnerability. Then, key stakeholders of the region jointly identified priority areas of intervention and developed a consensual plan of action. We present the outcomes of this experience and its connection with theoretical models of asset-based community development, health-integrated georeferencing systems and community health interventions (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde/classificação , Vulnerabilidade em Saúde , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária/tendências , Grupos de Risco , Análise Espacial , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Política de SaúdeRESUMO
The Public Health General Directorate of Madrid has developed a health vulnerability mapping methodology to assist regional social health teams in health planning, prioritisation and intervention based on a model of social determinants of health and an equity approach. This process began with the selection of areas with the worst social indicators in health vulnerability. Then, key stakeholders of the region jointly identified priority areas of intervention and developed a consensual plan of action. We present the outcomes of this experience and its connection with theoretical models of asset-based community development, health-integrated georeferencing systems and community health interventions.
Assuntos
Determinantes Sociais da Saúde , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Espanha , Saúde da População UrbanaRESUMO
ObjetivosDescribir el estado de salud y sus determinantes en los inmigrantes residentes en la Comunidad de Madrid y compararlos con los de la población autóctona.Material y métodosEstudio descriptivo transversal a partir de los datos de la Encuesta Regional de Salud de Madrid 2007 (n = 12.190). Se clasifica a los individuos en autóctonos o nacidos en países de renta media-baja con menos o más de 5 años de residencia en España. Los resultados se ajustan por edad. Las proporciones y las medias de las variables se comparan con el test de ji al cuadrado y regresión lineal.ResultadosComparados con los autóctonos, los inmigrantes son más jóvenes, desarrollan preferentemente trabajos manuales precarios que no se corresponden con su nivel educativo, y disponen de menos ingresos y menos espacio en sus viviendas. Tanto hombres como mujeres fuman y beben menos, pero las mujeres presentan mayores prevalencias de sobrepeso (un 10% más) y sedentarismo. La adherencia al cribado citológico y de la tensión arterial es hasta un 16% menor. Los hombres y las mujeres con menor tiempo de residencia acuden menos a las consultas de atención primaria y a urgencias, al contrario que los que llevan más tiempo en España. Las mujeres con 5 o más años de estancia tienen una salud autopercibida y salud mental algo peores. Los inmigrantes presentan enfermedades crónicas similares a las de la población autóctona, pero con menores prevalencias.ConclusionesEl estado de salud de la población inmigrante no es tan desfavorable como cabría esperar en función de la mayor prevalencia de determinantes de salud perjudiciales(AU)
ObjectivesTo describe health status and its determinants in immigrants living in the region of Madrid and to compare these factors with those in the native-born population.Material and methodsWe performed a descriptive, cross-sectional study based on data from the Madrid Regional Health Survey 2007 (n=12,190). Subjects were classified as native-born or immigrants born in medium-to-low-income countries and with less or more than 5 years of residence in Spain. The results were adjusted for age. Proportions and means were compared through the ji square test and linear regression.ResultsCompared with native-born residents, immigrants were younger, carried out mainly precarious manual jobs that did not match their educational level and had a lower income and less space in their dwellings. Both immigrant men and women smoked and drank less, but women showed a higher prevalence of overweight (10% more) and physical inactivity. Adherence to smear test and blood pressure screening was up to a 16% lower. Attendance at primary care and emergency facilities was less frequent in men and women with less residence time than in those with longer residence in Spain. Self-perceived health and mental health were worse in women with 5 or more years of residence. Chronic diseases were similar in both populations but were less prevalent in immigrants.ConclusionsImmigrants health status is not as unfavorable as could be expected from the higher prevalence of harmful determinants of health(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Nível de Saúde , Migrantes , Estudos Transversais , Espanha , Saúde da População UrbanaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To describe health status and its determinants in immigrants living in the region of Madrid and to compare these factors with those in the native-born population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a descriptive, cross-sectional study based on data from the Madrid Regional Health Survey 2007 (n=12,190). Subjects were classified as native-born or immigrants born in medium-to-low-income countries and with less or more than 5 years of residence in Spain. The results were adjusted for age. Proportions and means were compared through the ji square test and linear regression. RESULTS: Compared with native-born residents, immigrants were younger, carried out mainly precarious manual jobs that did not match their educational level and had a lower income and less space in their dwellings. Both immigrant men and women smoked and drank less, but women showed a higher prevalence of overweight (10% more) and physical inactivity. Adherence to smear test and blood pressure screening was up to a 16% lower. Attendance at primary care and emergency facilities was less frequent in men and women with less residence time than in those with longer residence in Spain. Self-perceived health and mental health were worse in women with 5 or more years of residence. Chronic diseases were similar in both populations but were less prevalent in immigrants. CONCLUSIONS: Immigrants' health status is not as unfavorable as could be expected from the higher prevalence of harmful determinants of health.
